Are West’s Centuries Of Muslim Dehumanization & Islamophobia In France Linked?

Islamophobia on the rise in France

The West embraced rationality, science, and liberal multiculturalism to become the guiding light for the world but dehumanizing constructions of Muslims embedded in its consciousness as internalized beliefs and practices continue to fuel Islamophobia

How Turkey’s Repressive Secularism Helped Rise Of Erdogan

Turkey elections may head for run-off as Erdogan fails to get 50% votes

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the secular Turkish republic, banned Sufi orders, put mosques under government control, mandated officials to wear European-style brimmed hats, and banned Arabic as part of sweeping measures to impose secularism on Turks