How Foreign Interventions Unmade Modern Afghanistan

Political modernization created features of a modern secular state in Afghanistan by the 1970s before foreign interventions undid it

Tribalism, corruption, and the absence of modern institutions have been blamed for Afghanistan's troubles, overlooking political modernization and the creation of features of a modern secular state by the 1970s before foreign interventions unmade them

Inevitably Disastrous: Why World’s Biggest Islamic Org Opposes Caliphate

Nahdlatul Ulama has cited ISIS’s attempt to create a so-called caliphate in Iraq and Syria and argued it will inevitably be disastrous and contrary to the basic purposes of Sharia—the protection of religion, human life, sound reasoning, family, and property